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Liquefaction

Liquefaction is the step that turns pipeline gas into a liquid at minus 162 degrees Celsius, shrinking it about 600 times so it can be shipped. A train is one complete refrigeration line: compressors, heat exchangers and their drivers. Very few firms license the process, and fewer still can build the exchangers at its heart.

Who supplies this segment

Each firm cites a public source for what it supplies. Firms we could not source are not listed.

Air ProductsLiquefaction process and equipment

Licenses the AP-C3MR, AP-X, AP-DMR and AP-SMR liquefaction processes and manufactures the coil-wound heat exchangers at the cold heart of most large LNG trains.

Baker HughesLiquefaction process and equipment

Supplies the LM2500, LM6000 and LM9000 aeroderivative gas turbines that drive main refrigerant compressors, along with the compressors and expander-compressors themselves.

BechtelLiquefaction EPC

Engineers and builds liquefaction trains, having delivered six trains at Sabine Pass and worked on Corpus Christi, Port Arthur and Rio Grande.

Black & VeatchLiquefaction process and equipment · Liquefaction EPC

Licenses PRICO, a single mixed refrigerant process applied at 35 facilities and used on several of the world's floating liquefaction vessels.

Chart IndustriesLiquefaction process and equipment

Supplies the IPSMR integrated pre-cooled single mixed refrigerant process together with the brazed aluminium heat exchangers and cold boxes used in mid-scale liquefaction.

ChiyodaLiquefaction EPC · Cargo containment

Has delivered 26 LNG projects covering 47 trains since 1976, and builds LNG storage tanks and cleaner plant designs using electric drives and carbon capture.

ConocoPhillipsLiquefaction process and equipment

Licenses the Optimized Cascade process, which uses three cascaded pure-refrigerant circuits with brazed aluminium heat exchangers, and has been licensed for 28 LNG trains.

FluorLiquefaction EPC

Delivers liquefaction EPC in joint venture with JGC, including the LNG Canada plant at Kitimat, where Fluor booked its 8.4 billion dollar share of the roughly 14 billion dollar contract.

JGC HoldingsLiquefaction EPC

Has built LNG plants totalling 48 trains, over 30 per cent of world capacity, including the LNG Canada plant in joint venture with Fluor.

KBRLiquefaction EPC

Provides EPC and front-end design for liquefaction and regasification, with more than 40 years in LNG and projects including Tangguh, Yemen LNG and Nigeria LNG Train 6.

KiewitLiquefaction EPC

Builds and modularises LNG plants, having worked on more than 20 LNG facilities across seven liquefaction technologies, including the Calcasieu Pass export terminal.

Linde EngineeringLiquefaction process and equipment

Builds world-scale and small to mid-scale LNG plants and is one of the few makers of coil-wound cryogenic heat exchangers, with more than 1,000 delivered.

McDermottLiquefaction EPC · Cargo containment

Through CB&I Storage Solutions, designs and builds full containment LNG storage tanks and cryogenic terminals, drawing on more than 60 years in the LNG sector.

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor CorporationLiquefaction process and equipment

Builds the main refrigerant compressors that circulate refrigerant through an LNG train's cryogenic heat exchangers, plus fuel gas compressors handling intake below minus 60 degrees.

SaipemLiquefaction EPC · Liquefaction process and equipment

Delivers onshore, gravity-based and floating LNG projects as an EPC contractor, and licenses its Liqueflex process for small to medium-scale liquefaction.

Samsung C&TLiquefaction EPC · Cargo containment

Builds LNG storage tanks and receiving terminals, including three 187,000 cubic metre tanks and loading facilities for Qatar's North Field expansion, and earlier terminals in Singapore and Malaysia.

ShellLiquefaction process and equipment

Licenses the DMR dual mixed refrigerant process, used at Sakhalin, Prelude and LNG Canada, and the parallel mixed refrigerant PMR process for trains of 6 to 11 Mtpa.

Siemens EnergyLiquefaction process and equipment

Supplies electric-driven refrigeration trains for LNG plants: compressors, synchronous motors, variable speed drives and the associated electrical systems.

Technip EnergiesLiquefaction EPC · Cargo containment

Has engineered and built liquefaction terminals totalling more than 105 Mtpa, and offers the SnapLNG modular train design alongside onshore, offshore and mid-scale plants.

Wison New EnergiesLiquefaction EPC · Shipyards

Builds floating liquefaction facilities, fabricating hull and topside modules in parallel at its own yards, with a standardised 3.5 Mtpa FLNG design.

Zachry GroupLiquefaction EPC

Constructs liquefaction terminals, notably the Freeport LNG trains in joint venture with CB&I, each designed for more than 4.4 Mtpa.

Largest liquefaction projects

Export terminals in the tracker, by operating capacity.

TerminalCountryStatusOperatingBuilding
Sabine Pass LNG TerminalUnited StatesOperating60.4
QatarEnergy LNG (N)QatarOperating40.8
QatarEnergy LNG (S)QatarOperating36.3
Rio Grande LNG TerminalUnited StatesUnder construction29.6
LNG Canada TerminalCanadaOperating28
Port Arthur LNG TerminalUnited StatesUnder construction26
Nigeria LNG TerminalNigeriaOperating22.24.2
Arzew-Bethioua LNG TerminalAlgeriaOperating20.8
CP2 LNG TerminalUnited StatesUnder construction20
Yamal LNG TerminalRussiaOperating17.4
Freeport LNG TerminalUnited StatesOperating16.5
Woodside Louisiana LNG TerminalUnited StatesUnder construction16.5

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